An Observability-Based Resilience Metric for Monitoring of Water Distribution Systems

<p dir="ltr">Resilient water distribution systems have the ability to anticipate, monitor, react to and learn from critical events. While numerous resilience metrics have been proposed for the reacting and anticipating functions, monitoring metrics are understudied. This work aims to close this gap by proposing an a-priori monitoring metric for pressure and volume flow in a WDS that is based on structural observability theory, and showing how this metric can be computed using an optimization program. The approach is demonstrated on two benchmark networks.</p><p dir="ltr">This paper was presented at the 21st Computing and Control in the Water Industry Conference (CCWI 2025) at the University of Sheffield (1st - 3rd September 2025).</p>