WHO Oslo Medicines Initiative Technical Report - Policy Instruments  (non-price) for Medical Innovation

 Innovation policy instruments are policy interventions with a specific mechanism of action that influences the innovation  process. This Oslo Medicines Initiative technical report presents a broad range of such instruments available to national  policy-makers in support of innovation for new medicines (excluding those focused on price, which are covered elsewhere in  the report series). This report explores various types of policy instruments, based on reviews of the literature on policies for  innovation in the medical and other sectors. For each type identified, the report explores the mechanisms of action, the effects  these have and where they occur, and the extent to which these instruments have been implemented globally. It also sets  out considerations for their effective implementation. The report demonstrates that the long-established push/pull (supply/ demand) framing that dominates discourse around medical innovation can be broadened, providing policy-makers with  instruments to supplement push/pull approaches, by emphasizing the role of communication, collaboration and coordination  in supporting the emergence of medicines to address societal needs